Wednesday, August 1, 2007

Who Do You Want Representing You?

Fort Worth criminal defense lawyer Shawn Matlock blogs about "criminal defense lawyers" vs. "lawyers practicing criminal law". It seems to me that there must be a better expression to describe the latter (I'll try to find it as I write this) but the distinction between the lawyers who defend people because they have a passion for the fight (the criminal defense lawyers) and the lawyers who represent the accused because of a business decision (V-6s?) is one with significance not just to the individuals accused, but also to a system that strives for an appearance of equal protection. New York criminal defense lawyer Scott Greenfield writes about the plight of the ordinary person, living paycheck-to-paycheck, who is accused of a crime. Unless he has friends or family who have or can borrow money, chances are that this person can't afford a great criminal defense lawyer. If you are accused of a crime in America, and the judge finds that you (not your family: you) are indigent, a lawyer will be appointed to represent you. You won't get to choose your lawyer, but you will have a chance (in many jurisdictions, a substantial chance) of being appointed a criminal defense lawyer as Shawn describes that species -- someone who does what she does because of a passion for the fight. But to many judges the paycheck-to-paycheck folks aren't indigent. Courts, trying to save the government a few bucks, will not appoint lawyers to represent them. In Harris County, for example, getting a court to appoint a lawyer to someone whose family has bonded him out is like pulling teeth. Yet the working poor can't afford to hire a great criminal defense lawyer. So who is to defend them? The government's solution to the problem of the defense of the working poor is to leave it to the market. Both Shawn's post and Scott's illustrate that the market's solution does not work. As Scott points out:
There is a rather large group of lawyers available to the working guy, who will never let a client walk away if they have a few bucks in their pocket. But these are the lawyers who prey on the misery of ordinary people, planning how quickly they can plead them out at the first meeting while telling the client how they guarantee a win.
These are the "lawyers practicing criminal law" (vultures?) that Shawn describes (blawgospheric symbiosis!). To most judges, if an accused has enough money to get someone with a law degree -- even one of these "lawyers practicing criminal law" (criminal pretense lawyers? Eureka!!!!) -- to appear in court for him, he's not entitled to appointed counsel. The government's solution to the problem of representation for the working poor doesn't work because the Sixth Amendment doesn't allow market forces to determine effective representation of counsel. The government, by charging a person with a crime, creates his need for representation; the government should ensure (and, indeed, is required by the Constitution to ensure) that the accused have effective representation. If not the government's solution, then what? The judges know who the criminal pretense lawyers are. Yet they allow these people to continue coming into their courtrooms and selling their clients short. Their argument is that, beyond ensuring that representation meets very low constitutional standards of effectiveness, they have no responsibility to police the lawyering in their courts. This is somewhat disingenuous, since the judges do their best to cover the criminal pretense' lawyers asses during plea colloquies by asking the accused questions like "are you satisfied with the representation of Mr. X?" Effective representation requires an avenue for meaningful postconviction review of representation; because the judges do their best at every opportunity to cut off every such avenue, they bear some responsibility for allowing the sub-standard representation that results. They know damn well that the working-poor accused who makes bail, if he is forced to hire counsel, is going to have no choice but to hire a criminal pretender. The solution is obvious: offer appointed counsel to the working poor, conditioned on their reimbursing the state as much as they can (that is, paying the state what they would otherwise pay criminal pretense lawyers).

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7 comments:

Anonymous said...

Ugh. I hate the word pretense. I've heard it far too often to call someone else that.

The paycheck-to-paycheck analysis is spot on, though. You don't qualify for a public defender and you sure as hell can't afford an expensive lawyer (that's not to say that cheap lawyers aren't good, but if one turned out to be, you're lucky).

Anonymous said...

Zero percent financing for your attorney. Sounds good. Why not offer guaranteed private loans like college financial aid? Interesting.

Where do public defender offices fit?

Here comes my dead horse- If Prohibition ended, we would not have the need to arrest masses of working poor.

The best criminal pretense lawyers are foudn in the greensheet. Post some of that ad copy on your site. It is alarming.

Mark Bennett said...

Robert,

Here are the Greensheet lawyer ads. I didn't read them all, but they don't seem that objectionable to me -- not, at least, compared to letter lawyers' letters.

Mark Bennett said...

It's better than zero percent financing. Appointed lawyers will likely be paid more than the criminal pretense lawyers (sorry, Gideon, but let's put the shoe on a foot that it fits) would have been, so we'll be subsidizing the defense of the working poor.

You're right, of course, that ending the drug war would do away with most arrests. It would also put most of us lawyers out of business. That's acceptable to me.

Patrick Lyons said...

good thing we know the drug war isn't going anywhere then.

for those of us who aren't lawyers,

how much does a crappy defense lawyer usually cost?

how much does a good defense attorney usually cost?

Remy, Esq. said...

Mark,

Your blog left me with mixed feelings. Far too often, I see "lawyers" come into my courtroom and ask to withdrawal from a case when the client decides they do not want to plea. It sickens me to see these guys come in here asking me for help filling out their plea petitions or asking what the statutory guidelines are in their client's matters.

A novel approach is to require a certification where criminal law attorneys must intern at the PD's office, much like physicians, for their first two years of practice.

Dont get me wrong there are several APD's out there that are just as gun shy and spend their days shoving pleas down their clients throats.

But my solution will guarantee that when someone calls themselves a crimanl defense attorney, that they at least know how to explain to their clients the rights they are waiving when they do plea.

This will clear out the field and leave the defending to people like us who are passionate about it.

Unknown said...

Checking out the web site for over-turned DNA convictions at innocence.org and thinking about the largest jury verdict in history in Tulsa, Oklahoma for a guy who spent 14 years in prison when DNA evidence showed he could not have committed the crime [Alvin McGee, Jr. v. City of Tulsa, in the Northern District of Oklahoma --- jury awared 14.5 million dollars, settled on appeal for 12 million 250 thousand dollars - involved false identification and a photo line-up] ---- I think about how many people may just pead guilty to crimes they didn't commit to get a plea bargain because they cannot afford a good lawyer. According to the innocence project numerous over-turned DNA convictions even had "false confessions" where people confessed to crimes even though DNA evidence showed it wasn't them. The constitutional rights should be taken more seriously and explained that they are very --- very important --- even maybe should be written in blood since there are so many who have died for those rights.